A recent article in the Perspectives section of Nature Nanotechnology, co-authored by Cluster Principal Investigator Kerstin Göpfrich, describes the latest advances in synthetic immunology. This groundbreaking research examines how the integration of nanotechnology with synthetic biology is reshaping the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. The article highlights significant advances in the development of genetically engineered immune cells, such as CAR-T cells, and innovative bottom-up approaches that use nanoscale structures to target diseases with high precision. These advances promise to improve treatment efficacy and open up new therapeutic opportunities.