A new study, including Cluster Alumnus Marcus Dodds and PI Eva Blasco, has developed a light-based 3D printing method that can fabricate complex structures from redox-active carbazole polymers. These printed materials remain fully electrochemically switchable, displaying reversible color and charge changes throughout their entire architecture. Using in situ spectroelectrochemistry, the researchers tracked these redox processes within multilayer 3D objects. The study demonstrates how precise light-based fabrication can be combined with electrochemical functionality to create fully addressable 3D material systems. This advance paves the way for future electrochromic devices, adaptive optics, sensors, and printed optoelectronic technologies.
© Delavier et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 2025, e18546, CC BY 4.0